vs
Molecular weight
751.87 g/mol
813.93 g/mol
Half-life
~2-5 minutes (rapid CNS uptake and distribution)
~30 minutes (intranasal)
Research areas
Anxiety reductionCognitive enhancementImmune modulationNeurastheniaGeneralized anxiety disorder
Cognitive enhancementNeuroprotectionStroke recoveryADHDAlzheimer's diseaseSpinal cord injury
Typical dosing
200–400 mcg · 1-3x daily · 2-4 weeks on, 2 weeks off
200–600 mcg · 1-2x daily · 2-4 weeks on, 2 weeks off
FDA status
Not FDA-approved. Approved in Russia for anxiety and neurasthenia
Not FDA-approved. Approved in Russia since 2011 for stroke, cognitive disorders, and peptic ulcers
WADA status
Not listed
Not listed
